Sunday, December 26, 2010

Christmas Party by the Beach

I'm in a green tshirt...giving horns to one of my friends...hehehe
          I just would like to share some pictures of our Christmas Party held at Reynaldo's Beach Resort Tigbauan, Iloilo together with my college friends. What I like most about our batch is that we still hang out together eventhough some of us are already "professional" teachers. Of course there are hard drinks, but give me the exception...I still prefer milk and milo...lol...
I dont know what to comment...mga feelers...wehehehe

Why am I in green??? There are a lot of coconut trees...hay...I noticed something..hehehe



My classmate Chepeline and I...
with my classmate Kristy...
drinking The Bar..hehehe...except me...Coke lang....hehehe
This is what I noticed a while ago...I don't belong...with nature right??? Why did I wear a green shirt????lol
Peace Yoh!!!
I dont belong...I dont belong...

Another picture ala model...whahaha
       That's all folks...BTW this was held last December 22, 2010...it's always great to have fun with friends right?!!!Merry Christmas to all and Learning-filled New Year!!!

Saturday, December 25, 2010

Merry Christmas!!!

           I just would like to greet everybody a merry christmas!!! Let us always remember how thankful we are that God gaves us His son Jesus...May the true spirit of christmas be with us...may everyone find joy, peace and love...

Saturday, December 18, 2010

Post Moratorium

Im sorry if this blog was not updated that often these days. I will post hopefully these days about our activity at school....just watch out...

Thursday, December 9, 2010

Just a post for this m0nth

Hay...I've been busy in the past days since I was hired as a substitute teacher in our place...actually I update my blog while doing classes...hehe...
Anyway, thanks for those who have supported our entry for the Christmas Card Contest...unfortunately, it didn't make it to the top 20...but it's okay...hehehe...

Saturday, November 27, 2010

Please Support Our Christmas Card Entry for Sulit.Com

Please support this Christmas Card. I actually have drawn this myself...FYI, this is just one of my God-given talents...hehehe...please share this to your Facebook, Friendster, Twitter or any other social networking sites...also in your blogs please post this ok?hehehe...This is my only shot for me to have my own computer...so please.....support our Christmas Card...hehehe...


Official Online Christmas Card Entry
Animated Image: 

Celebrate Christmas 2010 with Sulit.com.ph, the leading online classified ads and buy and sell website in the Philippines.

Static Image:

-o0o-
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Bantay at Ming-ming: (Arf! Arf! Salamat amo sa Pedigree; Meow! Salamat din po sa IAMS! Meow!)

LOL.
-o0o-

Ngayong Pasko, sama-sama nating ipagdiwang ang kapanganakan ng Panginoon. Saan ka man sa mundo, ang pasko  ay hindi lalayo sa pamilya mo sa tulong ng makabagong teknolohiya ng ating panahon.

Ang Paskong Pilipino ay walang katulad. Isang pagpupugay sa pamilyang Pilipino sa makabagong panahon.

Kasulit, Maligayang Pasko!




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You could win a Brand New Blackberry Curve from sulit.com.ph if you repost my official card entry at any web / blog (Blogger, Tumblr, Wordpress, Multiply, Etc. / social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Friendster, Etc).

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Sunday, November 21, 2010

September 2010 Licensure Examinations for Teachers Passers

         I'm sorry that I posted the topnotchers for this September 2010 LET yet I forgot to post about the rest of the passers who made it...now here's the link...it's better to be late than never...hehehehe
http://www.coolbuster.net/2010/09/september-2010-let-result-elementary.html
http://www.coolbuster.net/2010/09/september-2010-let-result-secondary.html
I have to put  a title on it but my browser won't allow me....

Wednesday, November 17, 2010

Top 10 Licensure Examinations for Teachers Passers

          This is the link if you want to know who made it to the top of the Licensure Examinations for Teachers. I can really relate how they are feeling right now being a topnotcher as well. I hope that your achievement will make your family, teachers and the people around you proud. Make use of it and share your blessings with others. Don't forget the ONE up there. HE makes all things possible...To HIM be the Glory!!!


Special mention to those successful examinees from Iloilo. I'm so proud of you. And also the top 2 in the secondary level, Mr. Ian Saligumba ( I said so...I have a prophetic tongue...LOL) who was one of the reviewees in the review center where I conducted review lecture/coaching. 
MYMP!!!
Go Teachers!!!

Congratulations LET September 2010 Passers!!!

This is just a quick post about this September 2010 Licensure Examination for Teachers results. I just would like to congratulate all who have made it especially those who topped the board. I am sincerely happy for you. I hope that we will all work together in molding our young generation and improving our country...bow...hehehe...Later if I can use a pc I will post the Top 10 successful passers both in elementary and secondary level. To God be the Glory!!!

Monday, November 8, 2010

Educational Psychology: Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory (also my First Video Post)

          
          It has been soooooooooooooooooooooooooo long since I last posted about Educational Psychology topics. However this time, I added a new feature that will surely make learning about these topics more interesting and effective. And the first on my list is no other than Albert Bandura and his Social Learning Theory. As a sort of summary, we are grateful for Mr. Bandura because he gave us the idea of Observational Learning. If Dewey is "learning by doing" guy, Bandura is "learning by observing/imitating" hearthrob (hearthrob?relate relate relate...LOL). Seriously, Bandura said that learners learn through observation/imitation especially from the people around them. Later I will discuss comprehensively about this theory but for now, you can watch the following video clip re Bandura's Social Learning Theory. (Spoiler Alert!!! The following scenes may be disturbing...)(Expect more videos on the next topics that I will be posting...in respect with the principle that the more senses being used, more learning happens...hehehehe)

(video courtesy of Microsoft Encarta...Thanks!!!)

Sunday, November 7, 2010

Educational Animations

I come across with these animated gifs which I believe can be useful for teachers especially with their multimedia presentations. I got them from this link http://www.your3dsource.com/educationalgifs.html
Nice huh?


First Post for November: Pista Minatay

Pista Minatay (Hiligaynon term for Feast of the Dead, Undas among Tagalogs, or All Saints Day/All Souls Day in the Church calendar) is an annual event held every November 1 or 2 in the Philippines. This serves various functions among Filipinos: from visiting their deceased loved ones in the cemetery and offering prayers to the dead, to various antics like costume/Halloween parties, trick or treats which of course, can be traced back from Western influence of Halloween celebration.




Enough with the technicalities, hehehe.. I just would like to share what I did during Pista Minatay (just for the sake of posting for this month).



Every Pista Minatay, my mother cooks traditional Filipino dishes with glutinous rice as the main ingredient(a traditonal practice common to Filipinos) like suman, kalamayhati(I don't know the Filipino translation), inday-inday, arroz de valenciana, etc. However this year, she wasn't able to do so because of her old age...(Actually she still can cook but she chose not to because she was lazy that day...hehehe...)


This is not a picture of a wimpy kid...or a high school stud...this is me......

Mga kasama...

with my sistah and nephews...


As expected, we went to the cemetery to visit my deceased older sister who died when she was still at the young age of five as well as my grandfather on my father's side. After giving a solemn prayer, we decided to take pictures and went home as fast as we could because of the rainy weather.

Saturday, October 23, 2010

Diversity of Learners

         
        Diversity of learners includes different areas that teachers must be aware of and be sensitive of if they wants to cater each learner's needs and interests. As teachers, it is important to consider how diverse learners are especially in planning for effective instruction.

Learning and Thinking Styles
  • refer to the preferred way an individual processes information
I.                    Sensory Preferences- individuals tend to gravitate toward one or two types of sensory inputs and maintain a dominance in one of the following types:
1.       Visual Learners
·         may think in pictures and learn best from visual aids like diagrams, illustrated textbooks, overhead transparencies, videos, flip charts and hand-outs
a.       Visual Iconic- prefer visual imagery like film, graphic display or pictures
b.      Visual Symbolic- prefer abstract symbolisms like written words or mathematical formula
2.       Auditory Learners
·         learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say
a.       Listeners- remember things said to them and make the information their own
b.      Talkers- prefer to talk and discuss
3.       Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners
·         prefer “learning by doing”, benefit much from hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world around them
II.                  Global-Analytic Continuum
1.       Analytic Learners- tend toward the linear, step-by-step processes of learning and see finite elements of patterns rather than the whole
2.       Global Learners- lean towards non-linear and tend to see the whole pattern rather than particle elements
Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner)
1.       Visual/ Spatial (Picture Smart)
2.       Verbal/Linguistic (Word Smart)
3.       Mathematical/Logical (Number/Logic Smart)
4.       Bodily/Kinesthetic (Body Smart)
5.       Musical/Rhythmic (Music Smart)
6.       Intrapersonal (Self Smart)
7.       Interpersonal (People Smart)
8.       Naturalist (Nature Smart)
Exceptionalities
       These refer to learners who are different in some way from the normal or average. Most of these learners require a lot of understanding and patience as well as special education and related services if they are to reach their full potential and development.
  1. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities
  2. Learning Disabilities
  3. Intellectual Differences (Gifted and Talented)
  4. Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
  5. Visual Impairment
  6. Hearing Impairment
  7. Oral Communication Problems
  8. Orthopedic Impairments
Other Factors
  1. Gender
  2. Racial, ethnic or cultural background
  3. Socioeconomic status

Applications in Teaching and Learning Process
  1. Encourage learners to share their personal history and experiences.
  2.  Integrate learning experiences and activities which promote students’ multicultural and cross-cultural awareness.
  3. Aside from highlighting diversity, identify patterns of unity than transcend group differences.
  4. Communicate high expectations to students from all sub-groups.
  5. Use varied instructional methods to accommodate student diversity in learning styles and multiple intelligences.
  6. Vary the examples you use to illustrate concepts in order to provide multiple contexts that are relevant to students from diverse backgrounds.
  7. Adapt to the students’ diverse backgrounds and learning styles by allowing them personal choice and decision-making opportunities concerning what they learn and how will they learn from it.
  8. Diversify your methods of assessing and evaluating student learning
  9. Purposely, form small-discussion groups of students from diverse backgrounds: different learning styles, multiple intelligences, different cultural background, etc.
 (This was actually my report in one of my graduate school classes but I wasn't able to give it due to time constraints...hehehe)

About Me: My Aeta Community Experience

          It has been awhile since I posted something. I have been "busy" these days...hehehe...Anyway, I would like to go away from my usual posts about education topics. Let me share to you more about me, my personal experiences and glimpses of my life (As if someone's interested...who cares?...lol). This is my first "personal experience" post, and I hope that you will learn a bit from this....
This is me???

My classmates...

  My experience with an Aeta community for at least half a day has given me a lot of insights not only as a SPED student or as an educator but as a person as well.
                I personally admired how simple their lives are, how they easily find joy on the things that we usually take for granted. I really felt how happy they were, most especially the children, on the things we had brought to them. This made me realize that they may have less in life, but this doesn’t mean that they are pitiful.
                As an educator, I was a bit alarmed by the fact that most of children, if not all, are lagged in terms of getting the right education. One of them for instance is already 14 years old yet is still in Grade 1. Compared to regular school children, they may be considered delayed, educationally and mentally. I also thought that maybe this was due to various factors, poverty as one of the major reasons.
I just grabbed this photo from one of my classmates...hehehe...maam che and sir richard guest appearance in my famous blog...wahahahahaha....

Also, I reflected that to be a SPED educator, I learned that I can come across with families with diverse backgrounds, including difference in socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture etc. Therefore, I must be more sensitive, prepared, aware, and all the attributes needed in order for me to develop a healthy and collaborative relationship with these families and in order to employ the best instruction possible to my students with special needs.
(Honestly, this was my short reflection paper in one of my courses in SPED. Maam Lizz, you know who you are. I sent my reflection to your email but I haven't received any reply from you. I hope that you have received it. And if not, please contact me through fb...ok????)

Saturday, October 16, 2010

Alternative Blog

i HAVE AN ALTERNATE BLOG...THIS TIME...MORE PERSONAL...I hope you will also visit it...it is more appealing and cool,...
The address is http://jlosabia.blogspot.com/
Please visit it...ok....

Tuesday, October 12, 2010

Sunday, October 10, 2010

Special Education

Hello...
To share a little bit of me, I am currently taking my masters in special education. I decided to take this major because I personally believe that learning is most needed for those children with special needs. I hate the stigma being given to them by the public that they are useless and worthless because of their disability.

I strongly uphold that there is a hundred percent hope in every child. Every child can be successful and productive given ample guidance and instruction.

But wait...why am I dramatically discussing this?Hehehe...Actually this is just my introduction for a new series of posts that I will be discussing coming these days. I will be talking about special education, most especially about the different exceptionalities. I will also discuss educational adaptation that can be given among these individuals. Remember that as teachers, aware or unaware, we can never avoid encountering these students, so I hope my posts will be of good use to you.

Wednesday, October 6, 2010

World Teachers Day!!! Happy Teachers Day!!!

        This day is for one of the greatest people on earth------Teachers!!! To all my teachers, who molded me and even to those who have given me heartaches...I thank you from the bottom of my heart. I know I can never surpass you...you know why? Because I will always be your student...no matter what...
       Today is the World Teachers Day. Just to make this post "informative", let me share to you a little bit of history of this occasion. The idea of celebrating "Teachers Day" started in India, in reverence to its great teacher, Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. On the other hand, World Teachers Day celebrated every October 5, started since1994, signifying the important role of teachers especially in molding and developing humankind. This is supported by UNESCO and Education International, and has been recognized and celebrated by over 100 countires worldwide.
          Let us not forget our teachers. They are just there, in our old classrooms waiting for us to visit them. They may not be perfect, but let us always remember how they have painstakingly and patiently taught us, saving us from ignorance and learnlessness.

Friday, October 1, 2010

New Blog Feature

I added a new widget in my blog. If ever you will find an unfamiliar word in my posts, you can actually double click it and a defintion from AnswerIt.com will appear. Nice one right? hehehe...
Since the next LET will be on April the next year, I will still continue posting especially about education perhaps more on lesson plan templates, tips for teachers, teaher empowerment. Maybe I will also include my interest in Special Education, Abnormal Psychology and Psychopathology. Just enjoy reading and continue visiting this blog. Thanks and God Bless us All!!!

Saturday, September 25, 2010

LET Tips: Before the Big Day

A day before the LET, I believe most of you now are a bit nervous. You don't have to worry, you have prepared a lot for this day so just give your best shot. Here are my own tips about the LET that you may or may not follow. These are actually based on my own experience and I really would like to share these with you.

1. Don't ask the proctor if you will see something wrong about the question, items, etc. You can't change the question anymore, because if you want to change it, then the rest of the test items given to other examinees will be changed as well, and this is not possible, you know right? You are much more knowledgeable about the exam you are taking than the proctor. Just ask the proctor if you notice lacking pages, creased answer sheets, discrepancies in i.d. numbers etc.

2. Expect typographical errors. If you think and you're hundred percent sure that an item is the correct answer, but it lacks a letter, or 2 or more "jumbled" letters, then go for that answer. Probably it's just a typographical error.

3. If an item is more complete than the other items, then go for that item. Apply dialecticism. Example, choices will go like this: a. Beautiful b. Pretty c. Beautiful and Pretty. Among the given choices, choose letter c because it contains the answer of a and b, thus more complete.

4. It's okay to have erasures, but avoid this as much as possible. If you really need to erase, make it neat and clean.

5. Shade gently. Don't make your pencil too pointed. After you sharpen your pencil, scribble it first in a separate piece of paper to make the tip not too sharp and pointed. This will make the mark dark enough, but easier to erase.

6. Don't consume your time to a difficult item. Skip if necessary but make sure to go back to that item before giving your answer sheet. Mark the items that you have skipped NOT ON THE ANSWER SHEET BUT ON THE TEST BOOKLET.

7. In choosing your answer, you can use the cancellation technique. Cancel out the items that are too far to be the answer. Rationalize why that item is the correct answer. However, when I answered during the exam, I did this reversely. What I did was to choose first my answer, then rationalize why other items are wrong and mine is the correct answer.

8. If in case you totally have no idea about the answer, your last resort will be this(as advised by one of the LET topnotchers): Close your eyes, say a little prayer, then shade.

9. Don't forget to pray not only before the exam but all throughout the duration of your exam. In your every shade, say a little prayer. Pray that may your mind and hand be guided and enlightened by God. After the exam, don't forget to thank God for surviving the whole examination process.

9. Listen to the proctor's instruction, or read your examinee's manual. Don't rush. Fill out forms slowly but surely.

10. Consume your time. So what if you're the last one left inside the room? When I took the LET, I was the second to the last who went out of the room. Don't rush. Check your answers. Pray before giving your answer sheet.

11. Before answering, shade what SET you will be answering, either Set A or B. Always shade this first. Shade it correctly if you don't want your dreams to shutter. Joke...

11. The last and final tip, ENJOY. I can still remember how I smiled when the proctor gave the test booklets. I was excited to test my self and my preparation for the exam. Take a deep breath. Inhale, inhale, don't exhale. Joke. Exhale.

These are just some of the tips. If you think these won't work for you, don't do all of these. Do it your own way. Always remember, ask God for guidance. Ask someone to light a candle in your home's altar. Put it in a vigil candle. Don't use an ordinary candle(sperma) if you don't want your house to turn into ashes. Hehehe... Seriously, this will represent that your mind may be enlightened in the duration of the exam. So Good Luck! God Bless future teachers!

Friday, September 24, 2010

Principles of Teaching and Learning: Assessment of Learning

Assessment of Learning is one of the, shall I say, "challenging" topics in education. This is so because it involves a little bit of statistics. Since, I lack time to discuss the various topics involved in assessment, I will just present the principles behind assessment of/for learning. Remember that LET will not really focus on the technicalities, like what is variance, how to get the standard deviation, what is the difference among the mean, median, mode, etc. Rather, it is more focused on how will we interpret these statistical data in understanding the learner's achievement and to improve our instruction.

These principles are again, "adapted" from Corpus and Salandanan, 2007)

1. Teaching and learning is never complete without assessment. This means that assessment is an integral part of the teaching-learning process. We need to test how far the learners have learned, either before, during or after instruction, in line with our objectives. Thus, if learners are made to realize about this, negative attitudes about assessment will be minimized since the quizzes and tests will be just "usual" to them. They will come to realize the purpose of assessment, that is, to check how far they have learned.

2. Assessment tool and objectives must be colinear. The test/quiz or any assessment techniques must be in line with the objectives. This also includes the type of assessment appropriate for a certain objective. This is like a teacher who has an objective about "Singing the Philippine National Anthem". Which is more appropriate assessment tool: let the student write down completely the anthem, or let them sing the anthem? Reflect. Hehehe...

3. Assessment results should be fed back to the students. This is one of the mortal sins of some of the teachers. They will give quizzes, tests, projects, etc yet they fail to return these to the students, or to just inform the grade/score the students acquired. The purpose of assessment is to give learners a feedback to what extent their learning is. How will the learners learn this if the teacher won't give their scores or return their papers?

4. In assessment, consider learners' multiple intelligences and learning styles. The traditional paper and pencil test puts verbally and linguistically intelligent students at the advantage. Let us take into account the learners multiple intelligence and learning styles in assessment. Give various assessment techniques in order to cater individual differences.

5. It is wise to give some positive feedback as well as constructive criticisms. Don't forget to praise the students on a job well done. This can boost their morale to study and appreciate the value of success. Further, let's give them some constructive criticisms on the areas they need to improve. Remember that the biggest room in the world is the room for improvement.

6. Emphasize self-assessment. Assessment must be intracomparative rather than intercomparative. In short, if learning is as well a personal process, then, let the learners assess their performance on their own against a certain criteria(is this "in short"? Hehehe). Let them be aware of and reflect on their own progress. Rather than comparing themselves with other people, let them compare their "then" self to their "now" self. Competitive nature of learning must be as much as possible avoided. If there is a competition, let this be between the students and their own prior performance. One thing more, always remember that self assessment must also be in line with teacher assessment. This can avoid overestimation or underestimation of students' performance on themselves.

7. Build the culture of success in the classroom. Avoid the bell curve mentality, or the belief that it is normal that some students pass while some fail. Have that mentality that ALL learners can achieve.

8. Never use assessment as a disciplinary action or a punishment. This distorts the true purpose of assessment. This will enkindle the negative attitudes toward assessment.

9. Assessment should be communicated regularly and clearly to parents. Take note however the importance of accountability, transparecy and confidentiality.

10. Emphasize on real world application that favors realistic performances over out of context drill items. Hence, assessment must focus on real life application, as well as developing higher ordered thinking skills such as analyzing, evaluating and most of all creating.
(Sorry if the explanation on the last principles are short, out of character spaces in my cellphone.hehehe...)

New Header Design

May I just recognize my brother for enhancing my header design. I don't know if it looks narcissistic having my face there...but anyway this is my blog so what's the matter? Hehehe... By the way, two days before the LET, so I will just post one more principle, and that is about assessment, and then I'll be sharing to you some techniques that I used when I took the exam. I hope they will also be effective on you.

Thursday, September 23, 2010

Principles in Teaching and Learning: Classroom Management

3 days more to go before the LET. I really hope that I get to hitch these principles because these will really help a lot in answering situational questions. I will just go away with the LET tips as of this moment to pave way for essential concepts needed for the exam. Below are the principles behind classroom management. Please reflect on these okay?

1. Be consistent and proactive with your classroom management. This means that classroom discipline should be preventive and consistent. Preventive in a sense that we must, as much as possible, settle potential problems before they will destruct the classroom. Being consistent on the other hand means we must mandate rules and routines fairly and not only on case to case basis.

2. Routines will really save a lot of time for it maintains the orderly transition and sequence of classroom instruction, not to mention that it avoids disruptions and breakdowns among the students.

3. Have a smooth transition and continuity of momentum throughout the day. This means that every second of our teaching instruction should be as much as possible moving, engaging and active. This avoids "dead air" or the sense of restlessness that will surely result to disciplinary problems.

4. Novelty and Competence among the activities given in the class should be balanced. Novelty in a sense that activities must be new to the students and not too repetitive and "used". When we say competence, this means that we must provide activities that are challenging enough, not too easy or too difficult, and will enhance learners' competence and motivation. This also includes a balanced among different multiple intelligences and learning styles.

5. "With-it-ness" is important. This means that we must be aware of what is happening all around the classroom. As teachers, we must have "eyes at the back of our heads".

6. Settle minor problems promptly before they become major disruptions. Let's not wait until our class is out of control before we move. This is similar with principle number one, let's be preventive with our approach in classroom management.

7. Give positive feedback among students if they have shown positive behavior. This way, students will appreciate the values of good behavior and conduct if they are recognized and reinforced. Take note however that praise should be sincere and appropriate.

8. Don't make a big deal out of minor problems or disturbances. If a frown, a stern look, a gesture that will relay the message to the students to behave, so be it. Don't consume your precious instructional time just to resolve it. In short, don't make a mountain out of a mole hill, okay? Okay! Hehehe...

9. Arrange the classroom that caters interactive teaching and learning. The classroom must be flexible enough, can be arranged-rearrange, depending on the activity in order to enhance interaction among the students.

10. The last and final principle, and the most important: Make every instructional moment a meaningful one. The major major principle behind classroom management is to minimize discipline time to maximize instructional time. We want to do the preceding principles because we only have one aim, that is, to spend that precious time for teaching and learning.


(These principles are "adapted" from Stronge, 2002, in Corpuz and Salandanan, 2007)

Wednesday, September 22, 2010

Philosophies of Education

These are just some of the few philosophies of education. At least before the exam this weekend, some readers can read this as a sort of wrap up. Remember that "isms" are always present in the exam.

Behaviorism
a. Modification and shaping of behavior by providing conducive physical and external environment.
b. Teachers teach learners to respond favorably to various stimuli. Routines, drills, etc.
c. Teachers are concerned with the external factors of learning. Classroom arrangement, ventilation, etc. Reinforcements are also used like rewards, incentives and sometimes punishments.

Essentialism
a. Teachers teach basic knowledge, skills and values in order to pass them down to the learners for them to become good citizens
b. Subject centered, wherein learners must learn the "essentials": reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic(3Rs, but some includes the 4th which is right conduct) that can prepare them for life.
c. Teachers emphasize mastery of the subject matter. They are seen as all knowing, thus traditional method of teaching is prescribed.

Perennialism
a. Aim is to develop the rational mind
b. Emphasis is on the general education(So for the EEd, if asked what is the philosophy behind the major Content Courses, now you know the answer)
c. Teacher-centered, Socratic method, teachers decide what are the best techniques and methods to be used.

Progressivism
a. Nothing is permanent except change
b. Curriculum respond to the needs relevant to the learners' lives and experiences for them to cope up with change. Teachers present subject matter like technological advancements, social developments, etc.
c. Teachers employ experiential learning methods or hands on activities.

Existentialism
a. Existence over essence. Learners define their essence by giving them various options to choose or decide. Holistic, doesn't only focus on the mind.
b. Subject matter that will give learners chances to choose, to showcase their creativity and to express themselves, is given emphasis.
c. Learner centered. Learning is self-paced, self directed. Teachers must be respectful on the learners choices and preferences.

Tuesday, September 21, 2010

Principles of Learning (Horne and Pine, 1990 in Corpuz and Salandanan, 2007)

In the professional education part of LET, most of the questions are situational. And one of the common mistakes about the LET is that it is said to be "easy". The reason behind this is that all the choices seemed correct, and yet there really is one correct answer. But how will one know that the choice is the correct and best answer? This is where the principles come in. In answering the questions that are situational, keep in mind the principles of teaching and learning. These will guide us to choose the "best" answer among the choices. Actually, there are a lot of principles of teaching/learning. I just would like to present these, shall I say, principles discussed from one of the current textbooks used nowadays. Hope you will learn a lot...

1. Learning is an experience which occurs inside the learner and is activated by the learner. This means that learning will not take place unless the learner her/himself allows it to happen in his/her mind. It is not primarily controlled by the teacher, rather on the learners' wants, interests and motivation to learn. In real classroom setting, the teacher must engage learners in activities that are connected to their lives.

2. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning and relevance of ideas. This is somewhat the same with principle number one. Learners can easily understand concepts if these are relevant to their needs and problems. Hence, as teachers, we must relate the lesson to the learners' needs, interests and problems.

3. Learning is a consequence of experience. In short, use experiential learning as much as possible period. Hehehe...

4. Learning is a cooperative and collaborative process. Learners will learn more if they are given chances to work together and share ideas. Make use of group activities.

5. Learning is an evolutionary process. Learning especially if this means a change in behavior, does not happen in a click. This requires time and diligence. So as teachers, be patient. Be patient. Be patient. Be patient.

6. Learning is sometimes a painful process. This means that learning requires sacrifice, hardwork, study time. Let the learners realize this okay?

7. One of the richest resources for learning is the learner him/herself. Let's not be too "centered" upon ourselves. Let's draw the discussion not only on our own experiences as teachers but on the learners' experiences as well. Listen and let the learners share their prior knowledge, stories, information, etc that can enrich the learning process. Encourage free sharing inside the classroom.

8. The process of learning is emotional as well as intellectual. Learners can't learn that much if they have something that is bothering their minds. These can be problems and worries they have either in or out of the classroom. Thus, as teachers, let us be sensitive to our students' problems. We can't teach learners with empty stomachs remember?

9. The process of problem solving and learning are highly unique and individual. Make use of different teaching strategies that can cater multiple intelligences and learning styles.

Monday, September 20, 2010

LET Tips: Integrative Teaching Strategies

1. Which is not a characteristic of integrative teaching?
A. Recognizes learning around areas
B. Links ideas to action
C. Array of lessons is built around individual ideas
D. Enhances concept development

2. The focus of this strategy is the topic or subject matter wherein learners are focused on learning about something by the use of the content of another subject.
A. Content Based Instruction
B. Thematic Teaching
C. Generic Competency Model
D. Focusing Inquiry

3. According to the DepEd Manual of the BEC Primer, it helps the learners see the meaningful connection across the discipline or skill areas.
A. Content Based Instruction
B. Thematic Teaching
C. Focusing Inquiry
D. Generic Competency Model

4. Teacher O started the lesson by identifying preliminary questions and information. Which strategy did he employ?
A. Content Based Instruction
B. Thematic Teaching
C. Generic Competency Model
D. Focusing Inquiry

5. Learners are enrolled in three to four limited courses that will lead to the culminating performance.
A. Generic Competency Model
B. Content Based Instruction
C. Thematic Teaching
D. Focusing Inquiry

Answer Key: 1. C; 2. A; 3. B; 4. D; 5. A

Sunday, September 19, 2010

Post after 2 days

I need to find a new trick to continue connecting the net...As of now I found one trick...i need to find a new trick for downloading...hehehe...tomorrow I will post LET tips for the integrative teaching strategies...

Thursday, September 16, 2010

Focusing Inquiry

This integrative teaching strategy uses questions in which the teachers guide the learners in discovering the answers. It emphasizes inquiry, the investigative process that must be developed among learners rather than on the content.

This strategy is said to be in cycle. Cycle in a sense that as learners search for answers, they generate questions as well. This process will enable learners to develop higher ordered thinking skills that they can use in real life situations.

The process of focusing inquiry is more of asking and asking questions. Take note however, that it is the role of the teacher to guide the learners for them to arrive to the correct answer.

The steps include the following:

1. Frame focusing questions. These include drawing out prior knowledge.

2. Present information. What, Where, When, Why, How, etc

3. Connect or relate information. Evaluate, predict, infer, interpret, give meaning, etc

4. Guide learners for generalization or conclusion

5. Help learners find answers

Tuesday, September 14, 2010

Thematic Teaching

Thematic Teaching is a strategy that connects all subject areas using a common "theme". This theme serves as the focus or the binding idea in which the objectives and activities of different learning areas will be based. This provides a purpose, a link that makes learning integrated thus meaningful.

For this strategy to be effective, teachers must collaborate in order to decide a central theme that can be used to teach a lesson or a unit. Then they can decide what activities that can be included visavis with the theme.

Let us have a concrete example. Supposing the theme would be, "Philippines, A Spanish Experience". Using this theme, the following objectives can be formulated on each subject:

Science: Evaluate the technological advancements in the Philippines from Spanish Era up to the present

Mathematics: Develop a pictograph on the duration of Spanish regime in relation to other foreign colonizers who controlled the Philippines.

English: Identify infinitives by reading a selection entitled, "Philippines: 0n the Hands of Spain"

Filipino: Matukoy ang mga gamit ng pangngalan sa pagbasa ng kwentong, "Ang Buhay ni Andres"

MAPEH: Maawit ang ilan sa mga kundimang umusbong sa panahon ng himagsikan

Araling Panlipunan: Masuri ang pagbabagong naidulot ng pagsakop ng Kastila sa Pilipinas

HELE: Makapagluto ng putaheng impluwensya ng Kastila

Values Education: Express the value of freedom by writing a short credo for the country

May I reiterate that this is just an example. I just don't know which topics are taught in line with each other at a certain period of time. Nevertheless, I hope this gave you a concrete idea about thematic teaching.

Monday, September 13, 2010

Generic Competency Model

Generic Competency Model is a part of integrative teaching strategies which enable students to develop "competencies". These competencies are acquired through connecting one subject from the other. Usually, generic competency model is used in Makabayan.

The most common competencies being integrated are the following: personal development, social competence and work/special skills. These three skills are integrated in teaching 2 or more subjects. Also, an output or culminating performance is expected.

For example, a certain objective in Makabayan can go like this(I will just state it in English for the benefit of our non-Filipino readers. Hehe...as if...But take note that Makabayan is taught using the Filipino language.): "Identify material and non-material culture and to affirm their importance through preparing an exhibit about the culture of the Philippines"

In the above mentioned objective, the teacher can decide which competency he/she will make the students develop. If the teacher wants the 3, the better. For personal skills, students can develop their love and appreciation of their own culture. For social competence, the students can work in groups especially in preparing their culminating performance which is an exhibit. Lastly, for the work/special skills, the student can utilize their creative and artistic skills to make their exhibit appealing. Their work attitudes can also be reflected especially given a deadline and/or a criteria. The objective might be related to Social Science, however, the skills in making the exhibit can be drawn from MAPEH or HELE subjects, as well as the proper work attitudes learned from Values Education.

Content Based Instruction: This is really it.

Content Based Instruction is like learning a subject primarily Language (English or Filipino, but also can be used with other subjects) using the content of another subject. This way, learners can connect and and can cross the barrier between one subject (like Language) and the other subjects (other academic subjects). As a matter of fact, one of the aims of language teaching is to develop among learners language and communication skills necessary for them to acquire knowledge to other subject areas. This is so true since language is the basic medium to convey information. If one learner is deficient with language skills (i.e. reading, writing and listening skills), he/she may find difficulty understanding the other subjects.

For example, when a teacher teaches about a lesson in English, like "Good Qualities of a Paragraph", he/she may use sample paragraphs with topics containing or relating to other subjects like Science or History. Or when teaching a lesson about Filipino, he she can utilize selections pertaining to Araling Panlipunan or HELE.

Content Based Instruction is not only limited to Language Teaching. As a matter of fact, other subjects can also be integrated. For instance, a lesson in Math can be integrated with Civics or Science by giving sample problems relating to the given subjects. As a concrete example, let's say that a teacher has addition as a topic. He/she can give a problem like this: "In his journey, Magellan started out with 5 ships. At the end of the journey only 1 was left. How many ships were destroyed along the journey?" This is just a simple sample but I hope this can present that even Math can be integrated with History. In this case, learners will not only learn about arithmetic but also a a bit of History. This is like hitting two birds in one stone.

This strategy lies on the teacher's creativity. As teachers, we should be creative enough to at least present the lesson as meaningful as possible and in a way learners can make connections rather teaching isolated facts.

Thursday, September 2, 2010

Just a Post for this Month

I'm sorry I am very busy these days...you know I'll be having a review lecture this September for LET board takers... After this I will really try to post more posts possible...

Sunday, August 22, 2010

Why Am I Losing My Posts?

I just hate it... I keep losing my posts...I just hate it that the spurt of my ideas was wasted because of some uncontrolled technical glitches...Hay...my discussion supposedly about Content-Based Instruction was a comprehensive one...but it was gone...gone...gone...

Integrative Teaching Strategies: Content-Based Instruction

Monday, August 16, 2010

Principles of Teaching: Integrative Teaching Strategies

I said on my previous post that I will just "copy-paste" some articles from the net. However, I was not satisfied by what I found especially about integrative teaching. Consequently, I'm back to giving my own perspective rather just "copy-pasting". And now let me present to you integrative teaching.

Integrative teaching is one of the emerging trends in education for the past years. It focuses on connections rather teaching isolated facts. For instance, a certain different subject may be integrated in teaching another subject (Like the content of Science be taught in teaching Language). With this, learners will be able to realize that subjects being taught to them are not separate and isolated field of knowledge, but are linked to each other in order to achieve understanding and concept attainment.

Furthermore, integrative teaching aims to connect what is learned in school to real life situations, thus it is more on developing problem solving and discussions of issues in the real world. Learners will learn to relate what they learn and apply it to their own daily lives.

In addition, integrative teaching involves consideration on the learners' individual differences. These include multiple intelligences and learning styles. The teacher therefore must present the lesson in various ways that can cater each learner's uniqueness.

Finally, when we say integrative teaching, we must remember the ABC domain of our objectives. The cognitive, behavioral and affective dimensions in teaching must be given balanced consideration. Values must be integrated in instruction across all subject areas. Through this, we are molding "integrated" learners, or well rounded individuals.

Examples of integrative teaching include Content-Based Instruction, Thematic Teaching, Focusing Inquiry and Generic Competency Model. Watch out for my post about these.

Friday, August 13, 2010

Problem with Browser

     As much as I want to post, I can't because there are some technical problems with my browser...You know I only use a trick in order for me to connect to the net but as for now the internet service provider is now shall I say, "clever". Maybe they are now trying to detect who are those who connect for free....hehehe...anyway I will just post some topics but forgive me if these are only "copy-paste"ed from the net...

Sunday, August 8, 2010

Principles of Teaching

I would like to rest for awhile discussing educational psychology topics. For the past months since I started blogging, I only tackled about the psychological foundations of learning which are actually included in "Facilitating Learning" course for education students. Some people who have read my blog(again, as if...) might wonder or might ask about other courses like Principles of Teaching, The Teaching Profession, Assessment of Learning, etc. And now, this is the answer to your prayer(wehehehe). Since LET is about a month away, I will exert double effort to discuss the rest of the topics needed for one to pass the examinations. I hope that whoever among you who have read this blog and will be taking the LET, can share this with your friends, classmates, families and fellowmen.I thank you...bow...hehehe...

Saturday, July 31, 2010

Erratum

           I was reading my previous posts and I was a bit surprised as well as ashamed that there were some minor grammatical errors such as misspelled words or/and wrong word usage.hehehe...You know I am only using my cellphone when I post, and I use t9 to make my "texting" a bit faster. For this reason, I sometimes neglect or overlook some details...hehehe...Forgive me if you can see some mistakes. I know that as a teacher it is unforgivable to have these mistakes...but these are just typographical errors...and a bit of negligence on the part of the author...hoping for your kind consideration(so cliche...hehehe)

Friday, July 23, 2010

LET Tips: Theories of Moral Development

You may have wondered why I only have 5 items for my LET tips. To be honest it is hard to find specific questions about a certain topic/theory. As a matter of fact, a question relating to a certain topic/theory will only appear perhaps once, twice, and sometimes even never. Nonetheless, I hope that through these questions you now have acquired ideas about how topics in education are being asked in the LET and be able to answer these questions as correctly as possible.

1. During their examinations, Mia didn't cheat and avoided looking at her classmate's answer. She did this because of her worry that her classmates will call her "cheater" and "dishonest", if she will be caught by the teacher. In what stage of moral development can Mia be considered?
A. Universal Ethical Principle
B. Good Boy/Good Girl
C. Mutual Benefit
D. Punishment/Obedience

2. The child's concept of right and wrong is based on external criteria laid by adults during the level of preconventional morality. This is based on the ideas of,
A. Piaget
B. Kohlberg
C. Freud
D. Erikson

3. Democratic type of government gives chance for its citizens to make or break a law. Which stage of Kohlberg's moral development theory explains this?
A. Law and Order
B. Universal Ethical Principles
C. Social Contract
D. Punishment/Obedience

4. Kohlberg suggested that schools must give opportunity for the students to develop moral growth. Which of the following did he promote?
A. Equal Education
B. Just Community
C. Academic Freedom
D. Community Collaboration

5. If boys are more inclined to justice in their moral reasoning, girls are more inclined to,
A. Peace
B. Harmony
C. Order
D. Care

Answer Key: 1. B; 2. B; 3. C; 4. B; 5. D

Applications: Theory of Moral Development

We are always reminded that as teachers, we must mold holistic and well-rounded individuals. The applications of Kohlberg's and Gilligan's theory of moral development emphasize the affective side of our students to make them the kind of individuals we want them to be. Aside from molding the cognitive and behavioral sides of our students, the affective sides must also be developed. This will make us avoid producing "intellectual giants" but "emotional dwarfs" individuals.

1. Let the students realize that they are responsible for their moral development. Present them different anecdotes or examples that will inspire and teach them to be morally responsible with their own actions.

2. Give the students opportunities to hear different perspectives especially in deciding what is right or wrong. Have discussions, forums, debates, etc. about certain issues. This will be more meaningful if the issues are related to the students' lives.

3. Discuss issues in a multicultural or global perspective. Present them how are certain issues tackled in other cultures. Through this, students can widen their understanding and learn to respect different views and beliefs.

4. Most elementary and secondary school students are said to be in the stages 1 and 4 of moral development. We can actually use this in maintaining classroom management, behavior modification and establishing routines inside the classroom.

5. Be an example to the students. We must walk our talk so to speak. Values are caught than taught. So as teachers, we must present values and attitudes worth emulating.

6. It is easier said than done. Moral development is useless if not put into action. One of the criticisms of Kohlberg's theory is that he emphasized more on the reasoning and not on the practicability of morality. This is where Gilligan comes in. Let us teach our student the value of care for other people, as well as for themselves.

Carol Gilligan's Theory of Moral Development (Feminist View)

           This is the first post in this blog featuring a woman psychologist, and she is no other than Carol Gilligan.

Carol Gilligan...
          Carol Gilligan provides an alternative theory of moral development. She was the first to consider gender differences in her research in the mental processes of males and females in their moral development. She noted that girls are more concerned with care, relationships and connections with other people than boys. Thus, she hypothesized that girls are more inclined toward caring and boys toward justice. She presented three levels of moral development:

I. Pre Conventional: Individual Survival
One learns to care for oneself.

II. Conventional: Self Sacrifice is Goodness
One internalizes norms about care for others and tends to neglect oneself.

III. Post Conventional: Principle of Non-violence
One becomes critical of the conventions adopted in the conventional stage and learns to balance caring for self and caring for others.

image source: http://www.drury.edu/nltimage/CarolGilligan2.jpg

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

          Lawrence Kohlberg identified that there are three levels, with 2 stages each, of moral development. If Piaget used "Piagetian tasks", Kohlberg used "moral dilemmas" in order to interpret the moral reasoning of individuals. The most famous is the "Heinz Steals the Drug". To know the story of Heinz, just refer to wikipedia.hehehe...
This is Lawrence Kohlberg...He reminds me of a hollywood star or a director...i dont know...
   

Level I: PreConventional. Individuals judge the morality of an action based on its direct consequence.

Stage 1: Punishment/Obedience Orientation
          In this stage, individuals tend to focus on the direct consequence of an action. The consequence of an action tells what right or wrong is. When an action is punished, then that action is wrong, and if it is rewarded, that action is right.
Stage 2: Mutual Benefit
          Individuals have "what's in it for me?" thinking. Individuals act based on the self advantage or benefit that one may acquire doing the action.

Level II: Conventional. Individuals judge the morality of an action by the "conventions" or norms, views and expectations of the society.

Stage 3: Social Approval Orientation
          This stage is commonly called Good boy/Good girl orientation. Individuals act based on the approval or disapproval from other people, and because of their concern of how other people might see, think or say about them.
Stage 4: Law and Order
          Individuals act in order to maintain the law like following the rules, doing one's duty and respecting the authority. This is done for the prevalence of order and functioning of the society.

Level III: Post Conventional. Moral reasoning precedes the law or the convention of the society rather on the principles behind the law. Individuals may disobey rules if inconsistent with their own principle.

Stage 5: Social Contract
          Each person holds different opinions, rights and values and should be mutually respected. Laws that are wrong can be changed to meet the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle
         Moral reasoning is deeply internalized and is based on abstract reasoning using universal ethical principles. They act because it is right, and not because it is instrumental, expected or legal. This drives them to possess moral responsibility for societal changes.

image source: http://relong.myweb.uga.edu/index_files/image002.jpg

Thursday, July 22, 2010

LET Tips: Constructivism

Note: Please answer first before scrolling down. The correct answers are found at the bottom of the post. I will not discuss further the correct answers so if there are any reactions or questions, feel free to comment.

1. It is the revisiting of topics in the curriculum in line with the learners' cognitive level.
A. Direct Teaching
B. Programmed Instruction
C. Spiral Curriculum
D. Hidden Curriculum

2. Which material will best present the concept of numbers in a 6-year old child?
A. Flashcards
B. Pictures
C. Beans
D. Numerals

3. Teacher Lea is a constructivist. She sees learners as:
A. a blank slate
B. full of experiences
C. respond to stimulus
D. empty vessel

4. Which is the aid given by the teacher for the student to accomplish a task that the latter can't accomplish independently?
A. Spiral Curriculum
B. Fade Away Technique
C. Zone of Proximal Development
D. Scaffolding

5. "Learning is an interactive and interpersonal activity." Which psychologist could have said this?
A. Lev Vygotsky
B. Jean Piaget
C. Jerome Bruner
D. Ivan Pavlov

Answer Key: 1. C; 2. C; 3. B; 4. D; 5. A

Applications: Lev Vygotsky's Social Cultural

Since Vygotsky promotes that social interaction is essential for learning, we, as teachers must think of various approaches that will follow the idea of learning as a social process. Here are some of the ways in which we can apply Vygotsky's theory. Again, you can add you own ideas, and feel free to add them in the comment box.(As if there are really people reading this blog, LOL)

1. Do more of cooperative learning. Activities that can make students share ideas and learn from one another. Perhaps one of these is group work in which students can help each other accomplish a task. Or peer tutoring that will give more knowleadgable peer/classmate the chance to help his/her less competent classmate.

2. Maintain an open dialogue among the students. Let them share what they think as well as realize the importance of listening to other people. Make them develop open mindedness and the idea that we learn from one another.

3. In order to understand more our students, take into account their sociocultural background: community and family environment, culture, socioeconomic status, etc. This way, we may be aware of factors that affect the behavior and the learning of our students. This will also help us think and initiate activities that will further enhance learning.

4. Talk to the parents about their roles in the development of their children. Collaborate with them and maintain open communication lines.

5. Use scaffolding in teaching new things especially new skills. Don't take all the chances away from the students or spoonfeed them. Give them the opportunity to do things on their own, but be ready with your assistance if needed.

6. As the students become masters of the task being taught to them, gradually minimize the aid that you give so that eventually, they can do or accomplish things independently and successfully.

Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

         This is really it. My post about Lev Vygotsky. Hehehe... Lev Vygotsky is one of the social constructivists, who believe the importance of social interaction in learning. Learning is seen as an interactive and interpersonal activity. Development will not be fully understood if the social and cultural contexts are not considered, hence the name Sociocultural Theory.
Our handsome man of the moment...Lev Vygotsky...applause!!! Woohooo!!!

The Role of Social Interaction
          According to Vygotsky, learners learn through social interaction. Socially interacting especially with knowledgeable adults like parents, teachers, older peers, etc, gives them the opportunity to acquire learning. The people that surround the learner contribute to learning because they are the ones who explain, model, assist, give directions and promote feedback to enrich learning. They also are the media in which learners learn the ways of thinking and behavior that make up culture.

Language
          Language plays an important function especially in social interaction. However, it also has an important role in developing the thinking activities inside the mind of the learners. Language, as Vygotsky puts it, serves as a mediator between the learners' mind and their environment. As learners communicate or perform interpersonal dialogues, these dialogues will develop into intrapersonal dialogues in which will later become inner speech. Inner Speech is a form of self talk that guides the learner's thinking.

Zone of Proximal Development
          Vygotsky advocates learning by doing. However, he added that learning by doing, together with social interaction will result to a more effective learning. In relation to this, the Zone of Proximal Development was introduced. This is the level at which a child finds a task too difficult to accomplish alone, but which he/she can complete with the assistance of an adult or older peer. To achieve this, scaffolding can be used. Scaffolding is the aid or assistance than enables learners to complete certain tasks that they cannot do on their own. However, scaffolding is not doing the task for the learners, rather the adult/instructor only serves as a tool for that adjusts the amount of guidance to fit the learners current level of performance. Example, if a child doesn't know how to tie his/her shoes, an adult can do scaffolding by tying the shoes half-done, then letting the child finish it.

Photo credits courtesy of google image search..hehehe...sorry I wasn't able to copy-paste the exact web-site...I hope I don't violate netiquette(not sure about the spelling) hehhehe...

I lost my post

As promised, I continued posting some topics. And I decided to discuss about Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory. It was considerably a long post, and I usually don't have any drafts when I post. I just read my resources, then type down my thoughts as if I'm answering an essay test. But for some unknown technological reasons, when I clicked the "PUBLISH POST" button, the Blogger site prompted me to log in again, so I logged in the second time. After this, I was surprised that all the things I have typed were gone! Of course I was frustrated because I usually believe that my first thoughts are better than my second ones. Well, it only asserts my belief: "Never trust machines". They are like animals, their behavior is unpredictable...